What is hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid)
Hyperthyroidism or overactive thyroid is the condition where the thyroid gland releases thyroid hormone in excessive quantities. There are three primary thyroid hormones: triiodothyronine (T3), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and thyroxine (T4). These hormones regulate metabolism, so an overactive thyroid speeds up bodily functions, and creates a variety of negative health effects.
Causes of hyperthyroidism
In hyperthyroidism, the thyroid gland produces excessive hormones. Thus it disrupts the body’s metabolism. It can happen because of various reasons, some common and popular are:
- Graves’ disease – It is an autoimmune disorder causing the overproduction of thyroid hormones.
- Thyroid nodules – overactive lumps in the thyroid gland.
- Thyroiditis – inflammation of the thyroid gland.
- Excess iodine – too much iodine intake.
- Tumors – rare tumors in the pituitary gland or thyroid.
- Excess thyroid medication – Overuse of synthetic thyroid hormones.
10 signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid)
Unintentional Weight Loss
Hyperthyroidism speeds up metabolism and this can lead to unintentional weight loss. Though it happens with normal appetite. The body burns calories at a higher rate, which can result in noticeable weight reduction over a short period.
Rapid Heart Rate
An overactive thyroid can cause tachycardia. This is the situation where the heart beats faster than normal at rest. It gives palpitations or a fluttering sensation in the chest. This increased heart rate can also lead to feelings of anxiety and heightens the risk of cardiovascular complications.
Increased Appetite
Hyperthyroidism boosts the body’s energy demands. Thus it results in an increased appetite. Despite eating more, individuals continue to lose weight due to overactive metabolism. This symptom can be misleading and delay diagnosis if people focus solely on their appetite changes without considering other signs.
Nervousness or Anxiety
Excess thyroid hormones overstimulate the nervous system. This gives feelings of anxiety, irritability, or restlessness. Individuals may feel on edge, have difficulty relaxing, or experience mood swings. These emotional changes can disrupt daily life and relationships.
Heat Intolerance
Hyperthyroidism raises body temperature and makes individuals more sensitive to heat. They may feel excessively warm even in cool environments, sweat profusely, or struggle with overheating during physical activities. This symptom is a result of the thyroid’s role in regulating metabolism and body temperature.
Tremors
Fine shaking or tremors in the hands and fingers are common in hyperthyroidism. These involuntary movements result from overstimulation of the muscles by excess thyroid hormones. Tremors can interfere with tasks requiring precision, such as writing or holding objects, and may worsen under stress or fatigue.
Fatigue
Although hyperthyroidism increases energy production, the constant overactivity can exhaust the body, leading to fatigue. Poor sleep due to other symptoms, such as palpitations or anxiety, exacerbates this tiredness. Individuals may feel drained, unable to sustain their usual levels of activity or focus.
Frequent Bowel Movements
Hyperthyroidism accelerates digestion, leading to more frequent bowel movements or diarrhea. This can cause abdominal discomfort, nutrient malabsorption, and dehydration if severe. The increased digestive activity reflects the overall heightened metabolic state driven by excess thyroid hormones.
Muscle Weakness
Hyperthyroidism can cause muscle weakness, particularly in the upper arms and thighs. This occurs due to the breakdown of muscle tissue caused by an overactive metabolism. Individuals may struggle with tasks like climbing stairs, lifting objects, or prolonged physical activities, significantly impacting daily functionality and quality of life.
Bulging Eyes
Known as exophthalmos, bulging eyes are a distinct symptom of Graves’ disease, a common cause of hyperthyroidism. This occurs when the tissues and muscles around the eyes swell. It can lead to discomfort, dryness, sensitivity to light, and vision issues, significantly affecting quality of life.
Hyperthyroidism symptoms in male
In males, hyperthyroidism may cause unintentional weight loss, rapid heartbeat, heat intolerance, fatigue, tremors, and increased appetite. Other symptoms include anxiety, muscle weakness, frequent bowel movements, and decreased libido or erectile dysfunction, affecting overall health and quality of life.
- Unintentional weight loss
- Rapid or irregular heartbeat (tachycardia)
- Heat intolerance and excessive sweating
- Increased appetite
- Tremors in hands or fingers
- Nervousness, irritability, or anxiety
- Fatigue and muscle weakness
- Frequent bowel movements or diarrhea
- Decreased libido or erectile dysfunction
- Swelling in the neck (goiter)
Hyperthyroidism symptoms in female
Females with hyperthyroidism may experience unintentional weight loss, rapid heartbeat, heat intolerance, fatigue, and menstrual irregularities. Other symptoms include anxiety, tremors, hair thinning, increased appetite, and bulging eyes (in Graves’ disease), significantly affecting physical, emotional, and reproductive health.
- Unintentional weight loss
- Rapid or irregular heartbeat (tachycardia)
- Heat intolerance and excessive sweating
- Fatigue and muscle weakness
- Anxiety, irritability, or nervousness
- Tremors in hands or fingers
- Hair thinning or hair loss
- Increased appetite despite weight loss
- Menstrual irregularities (lighter or missed periods)
- Bulging eyes (exophthalmos) in Graves’ disease
Hyperthyroidism: Diagnosis and Tests
The diagnostic process for hyperthyroidism may involve multiple steps, including:
- Physical Examination – Doctors first check for signs of hyperthyroidism, such as an enlarged thyroid, rapid heart rate, or warm, moist skin.
- Thyroid Blood Tests – Blood tests measure thyroid hormone levels. In hyperthyroidism, T3 and T4 levels are elevated, while TSH is often (but not always) lower than normal.
- Thyroid Antibody Blood Test – This test identifies if Graves’ disease or another autoimmune condition is the cause of hyperthyroidism.
- Imaging Tests – Imaging, such as a radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU) test, thyroid scan, or ultrasound, helps confirm the diagnosis and determine the cause. Your provider will recommend the best option for your case.
Hyperthyroidism: Management and Treatment
Hyperthyroidism is managed by reducing excessive thyroid hormone production. Treatment depends on the severity and underlying cause. Doctors usually recommend medications, procedures, or lifestyle adjustments.
- Doctors may suggest antithyroid medications like methimazole or propylthiouracil to reduce hormone production.
- Beta-Blockers control symptoms like rapid heart rate and tremors.
- Radioactive Iodine Therapy. It destroys overactive thyroid cells, often leading to hypothyroidism.
- Surgery or Thyroidectomy) is done as an ultimate treatment. It removes part or all of the thyroid gland.
- With proper lifestyle management, thyroid can be controlled.
- Follow a balanced diet, avoiding excessive iodine intake.
- Try to reduce sugar and processed food from the diet. Home remedies for thyroid can impact health in a more balanced way.
- Try to intake vitamin and minerals rich foods like Flax Seeds, Chia Seeds, Pumpkin Seeds.
- Amla juice and wheatgrass juice are rich in antioxidants and nutrients to reduce inflammation.
- Monitor thyroid hormone levels regularly.
- Manage stress with yoga or meditation.
